Asset |
An asset is a resource with economic value. It can mean anything that is of use to a business or individual, or which will yield some return if it’s sold or leased.
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Bailment |
Bailment refers to the transfer of personal property by one party (the bailor) to another (the bailee) for safekeeping. Because the bailee doesn’t own the property, they must take reasonable care of it. A bailment is a form of contractual arrangement that is wider than a lease. It is covered by a PPS lease for situations where the bailor is regularly engaged in bailment transactions, and where the bailee gives value for the bailment.
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Collateral |
Collateral is personal property or goods that have security interest attached.
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Creditor |
Someone who money is owed to.
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Financing statement |
Although the security agreement creates or provides for a security interest, this is not what is registered on the PPSR. In its place, a notice of this agreement – the financing statement – is posted on the registry.
The financing statement contains the particulars of parties to the transaction, the collateral and the security interest. It is the responsibility of the secured party to keep the information up to date if any of the details change.
On the registration of the financing statement, the PPS registry issues a verification statement
Registering a financing statement is one way of perfecting a security interest and determining priority.
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Grantor |
The grantor is the body granting the security right over the collateral. In other words, an individual or organisation who owns or has an interest in the personal property to which the security interest is attached.
In the trade credit industry, the grantor is usually the debtor (the one who owes the debt). Grantors include those who use their business assets as security for a loan, receive property under a Retention of Title arrangement, or lease personal property from another party for an extended period.
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Perfected |
Perfected is the term used to describe the process of finalising the registration, possession or control of personal property security interests to ensure the interest is enforceable. It is a means by which the holder of a security interest can protect its security interest. If secured parties (as PPSA calls them) choose not to perfect, they risk losing their property or rights.
There are three methods of perfection:
- Possession of the security property
- Control of the secured property (in the case of a limited class of property)
- Registration of a financing statement (PMSI) on the PPSR.
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Personal property |
Personal property is any property that is not land, buildings or fixtures. Examples include:
- motor vehicles, boats or aircraft
- crops, cattle and other livestock
- stock in trade, artworks and equipment
- other goods, new or second-hand, whether owned by businesses or individuals
- intangible property, such as patents, copyright, commercial (not government-issued) licences, debts and bank accounts
- financial property such as shares, cash or cheques.
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PPS lease |
A PPS lease is a lease or bailment of goods that is treated under the PPSA as creating a security interest in the goods leased or bailed. It only applies when the arrangement runs for more than two years.
Registration of a security interest arising under a PPS lease provides notice of the owner's legal interest in the goods while it is in the possession of the lessee or bailee. Failure to register an interest can result in the owner losing title or priority in the goods.
Registrations of PPS leases on the PPSR must meet specific timing requirements to have priority over other security interests in the same personal property. If a PPS lease exists, register the security interest as soon as possible on the PPSR to obtain priority in the property.
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Purchase Money Security Interest (PMSI) |
A PMSI is a special category of security interest that may have super-priority over other types of security interests. A valid PMSI registration which has super-priority means you go straight to the top of the creditor list whenever you need to recover your property or its value from insolvency practitioners.
There are strict requirements to create a PMSI and these include:
- The financing statement must identify the security interest as a PMSI at the time of registration.
- The PMSI must be registered on the PPSR before delivery of the inventory or within 15 days after delivery (if the personal property is not inventory).
The main types of PMSIs include PPS leases and the sale of goods on a Retention of Title basis.
You must choose PMSI when you first register your security interest, as you can’t change it later to indicate PMSI.
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Retention of Title (ROT) |
A Retention of Title (ROT) clause is a provision in a contract for the sale of goods. It indicates that the seller retains legal ownership of the goods until the buyer fulfils certain obligations – usually that they pay for the goods in full. A ROT is only effective if you have registered on the PPSR.
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Secured creditor |
A person to whom money or an obligation is owed, where that person has a security interest in personal property, such as the owner of equipment subject to a PPS lease.
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Secured party |
The secured party is the body holding a security interest in personal property. Examples include financier, mortgagee, chargee, lender, Retention of Title supplier, lessor. In the trade credit industry, the secured party is usually the supplier. The secured party can register a security interest on the PPSR against the personal property of a grantor.
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Secured party group |
A secured party group is made up of one or more secured parties. Each secured party must be part of a secured party group and cannot exist separately on the PPS register.
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Security agreement |
This is an agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Terms and conditions, loan agreements and hire agreements are the most common. A security agreement provides evidence of the grantor’s intention to grant the security interest to the secured party. Under the PPSA, holding title to personal property is not relevant – so it doesn’t matter if a party other than the grantor holds the title to collateral.
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Security interest |
A security interest is an interest in an asset (item of personal property) that secures payment of a debt or obligation, regardless of the form of the transaction. A security interest arises out of contracts or agreements between parties.
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Serial numbered goods |
One of the changes brought about by the PPSA was the introduction of serial numbered goods. When registering on the PPSR, it is essential that goods like motor vehicles, watercraft and aircraft are described by the correct serial number. If they are not described, or incorrectly described, the registration of the security interest may be deemed defective.
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Transitional Provisions |
Transitional provisions refer to the transitional period under the PPSA that ended on 30 January 2014.
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Unfair Preference |
An Unfair Preference refers to payments or transfers of assets that give a creditor an advantage over other creditors. You can avoid falling victim to an Unfair Preference claim by registering on the PPSR. If you register correctly on the PPSR, you become a secured creditor, and the Unfair Preference regime typically applies only to unsecured creditors
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Unperfected security interest |
Unperfected security interest refers to a security interest that has not been registered on the PPSR.
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